One day a wolf felt very hungry. He wandered here and there in search of food but he could not find anything to eat. At last he saw a flock of sheep grazing in a pasture. He wanted to eat one but they were guarded by a hound. The shepherd’s son was also tending the flock vigilantly. The wolf found himself helpless. At last he hit upon a plan. He hid himself in the skin of a sheep and safely went into the flock. The hound could not find out the wolf in disguise. He killed a sheep and ate it without being caught. In this way he ate up many sheep and their number began to fall everyday. The shepherd was greatly worried but could not find out the thief.
Question:
1.why did the wolf wander about? 4.how did he get into the flock?
2.did he find anything to eat? 5.why was the shepherd worried?
3.why was the wolf helpless? 6. Did he find out the thief?
2
On a hot summer day a fox felt very thirsty. He went about in search of water but could not find water nowhere. At last he reached a well. He peeped into it. Unfortunately, he slipped and fell into the well. A goat happened to pass by the well and looked into it. She said to fox “what are you doing here? Uncle?”. The cunning fox replied, “Dear niece, I am a enjoying a swim down here.” It is very pleasant. Come down and enjoy yourself too.” The goat was also thirsty, she jumped into the well.
Questions:
1.what happened to the thirsty fox? 2. Who passed by the well just then?
- what did the goat do? 4. What did the goat say to the fox?
- what did the fox say in reply? 6. Why did the goat jump into the well?
3
Once a stage was drinking at a stream. He happened to see his reflection in the water. He was pleased to see his beautiful horns,but when he saw his thin legs he felt sad as he thought they were ugly. Suddenly he saw a pack of hounds at a distance. He ran as fast as his legs could help him. Soon he left the hounds far he hind. He had a pass through a thick forest of bushes. His horns were caught up in a bush. He tried hard to pull his horn out of it but all in vain.by now the hounds had come up. They fell upon him and tore him to pieces.
Questions:
1.what was the stage doing? 2. What did he see in the water?
- why was he pleased? 4. What made him sad?
5.why did he run? 6. How did his legs help him?
4
King Robert Bruce ruled over Scotland. He had been defeated many times by the English. He ran for his life and hid himself in a cave. He had lost a hope to win. As he lay their thinking if he should give up his struggle or not, he saw a spider trying to reach its cobweb in the ceiling of the cave. It fell down again and again but did not give up its attempt. At last the little insect reached its home in its ninth attempt. This gave courage to king bruce. He made up his mind to fight and this time he won the battle.
Question:
1.by whom had Robert Bruce been defeated many times? 2. Where did he hid himself?
- what did he see in the cave? 4. After how many attempts did the spider succeed?
5.what lesson king Bruce learn from the spider?
5
For three year, the master and his relative lived in this valley many of the muslims to join them. All supplies to valley were cut off. The Makkans saw to eat food or drink reached Bannu Hashim. The poor Banu hashim had to live on the leaves and roots of tree and bushes.the condition of children was particularly pitiable. At last some kind hearted makkans took pity on Bannu hashim. They tore the pieces the agreement hanging the Kaaba. The hunger stricken Banuu Hashim were thus able to come back to their homes.
Questions.
1.who lived for three years in the valley. 2. Who joined the masters and his relatives?
3.what did the Makkans do? 4. How did the Bannu Hashim live?
5.what was the condition of the children? 6. Who took pity on Bannu Hashim?
6
We see a kind of milk in tins .It is powderdmilk.All the water in this milk has evaporated.When fresh milk stays in a dish for a little time ,the thick part of milk comes to the top.It is the cream of the milk.From this cream people makes butter.If milk with the cream on it is made into powder,it is called Full Cream Milkpowder. When something fioating is taken off the top of a liquid we say it is skimmed. When the cream is skimmed from the milk,the thin milk that stays is called ‘skim milk.’ Skim milk is a good milk but it has ano fat in it. It is not good for very young babies.
Questions.
1.Is the milk in tins powderd or liquid? 2.what become of the water in the milk?
3.what comes to the top of the fresh milk when its stays a little in a dish? 4. What is cream?
5..what does a thick part of the milk have in it? 6. What do the people make from cream?
7
Khalid was extremely kind hearted and just to the people. His had strict ordered not to do any harm to the farmers, age persons, women, and children and other civilians, “they are the real strength of society,” they should always be treated with kindness and respect.” This was something new for the conquered people, who felt very happy now. The Iranian and Byzantine officers were very hard on them. Khalid’s treatment won their hearts so much that they began to hate their oid creul master.
Questions.
1.How did khalid treat the people? 2.What were the orders given to the army?
3.What did he say about the farmers and the civilisns? 4.How had their former masters treated them?
5.How did khalid win the hearts of the con quered people? 6.Why did the people hate their oid masters?
8
The age of steamhas yielded place to the age of electricity. We have harnessed and introduced it into the service of man.The electric telegragh bears our message and brings us news from allquaters of the worid.Sabmarine cable does it own work all right.Who is not familiar with the electric bell?Who has not used telephone?Who is not enjoying electric light?Electric motors, wireless telegraghy,electric railways,electric modes of constructions and destruction all attest to the great power of electricity.Electricity has developed modern indrusty and has created many new industries.It has enabled man to conquer land,the sea,and the air.
Questions.
1.Why do we call the present age the age of electricity? 2.Which age has yielded place to the age of electricity?
3.How do we send and receive messages? 4.State some important uses of electricity?
5.What do you think is the future of electricity?
9
A man is known by the company he keeps.A good student should avoid the company of those who keep playing all the hardworking students also who work while others play.They know when to study and when to play.They play when it is time to play.They enjoy the game of their choice because they know that playing is essential for health.A sick student is not so quick in learning his lesson as a healthy one.
Questions.
1.What kind of company should a good student keep? 2.Why do some students miss their classes?
3.Why do good students enjoy good health? 4.Why are games necessary for students?
5.In what does the success ofa student lie?
10
Newspapers keeps us constantly in touch with the whole of mankind. In olden days a man’s world consisted of his own village and one or two neighbouring villages. It was difficult for him to know what was going on in the other parts of the country.But the press assisted by rapid means of communications bring us us news from the farthest corner of the globe. The press is also responsible for educating public opinion.The laws of a nation are really shaped by its press. In fact the public receives guidance from the newspapers. Thus their power in modern times is really great.
Questions.
1.what good the newspapers do for us? 2.Why in olden days man could not know what was going on in far off places? 3.What is the responsibility of press today?
4.How are the laws of a country shaped nowadays? 5.What is your opinion about the power of press?
11
About sixty years ago the questions of choosing profession was not taken up seriously. A son generally followed the trade of his father. But nowadays one can take up any trade one likes. The students who makes the right choice of a profession there should be some definite aim.
The students who do not have any definite aim suffer a lot in the end. They also have a difficulty in finding an employment. In choosing a profession the teacher and the parents play very important part. The keeps an eye on his pupils.He studies their habits. So he can put his pupils on the right path of life.
Questions.
1What were the conditions about the choice of a profession sixty years ago? 2.Why did not the people choose the profession seriously? 3.Can a student of the present times choose his profession freely? 4.What is the advantage of right choice of a profession? 5.How can a student choose his profession rightly? 6.What be the diffliculty of a student who is reading without a definite aim?
7.How can a teacher help his pupil in making a right choice of profession?
12
Making pottery on the potter’s wheel is called throwing.The thrower is a very skillful workman. But there is another methed of shaping articles of clay-mounting. A plaster mould is made and the clay is pressed into it. This is a quicker and less difficult way and must be used to make things like handles; but all the most beautiful pottery is thrown. When the piece of pottery is taken off the wheel, it is put aside to dry , after which to dry, after which design may be painted on it with special colours that will stand great heat,; it is then ready to be fired. This is done in a large oven , or kiln. The pieces of pottery are placed in earthenware tubs called Saggers so that the flames cannot touch the potter.
Questions.
1.What is throwing? 2.What is the other method of shaping articles? 3.How is pottery baked in fire?
4.What method is a quicker and less difficult for making handles?
5.How does the potter makes designs on the pieces of pottery?
13
The sultan sent agents to all parts of the East to buy rare manuscripts, and bring them back to Cordova.His men were constantly searching the book seller’s shops at Cairo,Damascus,and Baghdad for rare volumes for his library.When the book was not to be bought at any price, he would have it copied ; and some times even hear of a book which was only in the author’s brain, and send him a handsome present, and beg him to send the first copy to Cordova. By such means he gathered no fewer than four hundred thousand books a this at a time when printing was unknown, and every copy had to be painfully copied ,in the fine clear hand of the professional copyist.
Questions.
1.What for did Sultan sent his agents to all parts of the East? 2.Where and what for they were searching the bookseller’s shops? 3.What whould he do when any book was not to be bought at any price? 4How many books had he gathered ? 5.What would he do when the author had not yet written the book? 6.Why was it difficult to bring forth books in those days?